Budada Glutathione (70-18-8)

Budada Glutathione (70-18-8) fiidiyow

Budada Glutathione (70-18-8) Xogta Saldhigga

Waa maxay Glutathione?

Glutathione waa mid ka mid ah antioxidants -ka ugu awoodda badan jirka. Waxaa laga soo saaraa beerka. Waa tripeptide laga sameeyay amino acids cysteine, glycine, iyo glutamic acid. Waxay ka caawisaa sidii looga takhalusi lahaa walaaca oksaydhka ee xagjirnimada xorta ah waxayna ka hortagtaa waxyeellada qaybaha unugyada ee muhiimka ah ee ay sababaan saamaynta noocyada oksijiinta firfircoon. Waxay kaloo ku lug leedahay dhisidda unugyada iyo dayactirka dhismayaasha burburay.

Sidee Glutathione u shaqaysaa?

Glutathione waa antioxidant culeys molecule oo hooseeya oo ku dhex jira unugyada. Waa antioxidant awood leh. Waxaa la soo saaray iyada oo lagu daray cysteine ​​si glutamate ka dibna lagu daro glycine. Kooxda sulfhydryl ama kooxda thiol (-SH) ee cysteine ​​waa midka ka qayb qaata yaraynta iyo isku-xidhnaanta falcelinta. Dareen -celintaani waxay mas'uul ka yihiin inay ka saaraan isku -darka peroxidases iyo xenobiotic. Glutathione sidoo kale waxay ka shaqeysaa sidii loo habeyn lahaa wareegga unugyada.

Glutathione wuxuu ka saaraa noocyo badan oo firfircoon. Inta badan molecules -ka jirka ku jira waxay la kulmaan falcelin redox waxayna soo saaraan noocyo oksijiin firfircoon sida superoxide (O2−) iyo hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Glutathione wuxuu ka qayb qaataa dhexdhexaadinta molecules H2O2.

Waxay sumaynaysaa kiimikooyinka, sunta, iyo wasakhda jidhka. Waxa kale oo ay isku dari kartaa maandooriyeyaasha, iyaga oo ka dhigaysa kuwo aad u milmi kara, u fududahay dheef -shiid kiimikaad, ka dibna jidhka ka saara.

Moleekuleyaasha H2O2 waa dheef -shiid kiimikaadka gacanta oo lagu soo saaro peroxisomes oo ay kiciyaan enzymes catalase. Peroxisomes ka baxsan, H2O2 waxaa dhexdhexaad ka ah enzyme glutathione peroxidase. Kadibna wuxuu H202 u beddelaa molecule biyo (H20). Enzyme -ka glutathione peroxidase wuxuu u baahan yahay selenium si uu ugu shaqeeyo jirka. Sidaa darteed waa shuruud cunto oo muhiim ah.

Heerka glutathione waxaa lagu hayn karaa iyadoo la cuno cysteine ​​iyo methylene cuntada. Guud ahaan, heerarka methylene ayaa hoos u dhacaya inta lagu guda jiro geeddi -socodka sifeynta. Waxaa jira laba hab oo sun -saarid ah: wejiga I iyo wejiga II.

Wejiga I waa habka sun -saaridda oo u beddelaya molecules sunta hydrophobic (RH) una beddeleysa maaddooyinka hydrophilic (ROH). Glutathione sidoo kale waxay u shaqeysaa sidii is-kaashi. Isbeddelkani wuxuu u sahlayaa sunta in lagu farsameeyo wejiga labaad ee sumoobo.

Geedi -socodka wasakhaynta Wajiga II waxaa ku jira falcelinno sida sulfation, methylation, conjugation iwm. Is -beddelkani wuxuu u sahlayaa jirka inuu ka saaro suntaas.

Inta lagu guda jiro geeddi -socodka baaridda, haddii sulfate aysan ku filnayn, jidhku wuxuu jebiyaa cysteine, amino acid loo baahan yahay si loo sameeyo glutathione. Tallaabadani waxay sababtaa hoos u dhac ku yimaada heerka glutathione, taasoo horseedaysa hoos -u -dhaca dhexdhexaadinta H2O2. Kadibna waxay sababtaa kororka xaddiga xagjirka hydroxyl, kaas oo xuubabka ku xumayn kara lipid peroxidation. Natiijooyinku waxay noqon karaan kuwo ba'an, oo si deg deg ah u baaba'a unugyada, oo horseeda cudurro sida kansarka, sonkorowga, iwm.

Glutathione ayaa sidoo kale ku lug leh isku -darka DNA iyo borotiinno. Waxay kaloo ka caawin kartaa gaadiidka amino acid, firfircoonaanta enzyme, iyo horumarinta iyo dayactirka nidaamka difaaca.

Glutathione sidoo kale waxay ka qayb qaadataa isku -darka leukotriene. Waxa kale oo ay ka caawisaa in la sumeeyo dhisme la yiraahdo methylglyoxal, oo ah sun-soo-saarka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka. Enzymesyada glyoxalase ayaa nidaamiya hawshan. Glyoxylate I iyo II waxay u beddelaan methylglyoxal iyagoo kaashanaya glutathione SD-Lactoyl-glutathione. Kadibna waxaa loo sii beddelaa glutathione iyo D-lactate.

Glutathione ayaa sidoo kale ka takhalusi karta saamaynta xad dhaafka acetaminophen. Waxay tan ku samaysaa isku-darka n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), dheef-shiid kiimikaad-dhaqameedka P450 dheef-shiid kiimikaad oo la sameeyay ka dib markii xad-dhaafka sunta ah ee acetaminophen. Glutathione wuxuu ku xiraa NAPQI wuxuuna sumeeyaa sunta.

Sidaa darteed, antioxidant -kaani wuxuu leeyahay adeegsiyo badan jirka aadanaha. Heerarkeeda ayaa laga yaabaa inay hoos u dhacaan sababo badan awgood, sida sunta, walbahaarka, nafaqo -xumada, gabowga, hab -nololeedka fadhiga, iyo nafaqo -xumada.

L-Glutathione (GSH) ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay in lagu dhaleeceeyo GST (glutathione S-transferase) borotiinno la qasay. Waxaa la sameeyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo kuullada glutathione-agarose. Waxaa sidoo kale loo adeegsaday diyaarinta qalooca caadiga ah ee falanqaynta GSH.

Glutathione synthetic ayaa loo heli karaa sida budada glutathione oo ah budada crystalline cad ama ku dhow cad.

Taariikhda Glutathione

Glutathione waxaa laga helay 1998 J.de Rey-Paihade. Waxaa markii hore laga soo saaray waxyaabaha dabiiciga ah ee khamiirka, ukunta cad, iyo unugyada xayawaanka. Waxaa markii hore loo bixiyay Philothion. 1921, Hopkins wuxuu soo jeediyay in philothion uu yahay dipeptide ay ku jirto cysteine ​​iyo glutamate, laakiin xaqiiqadan waa la iska indho tiray.

Maaddadan ayaa markaa loo bixiyey 'glutathione'. Goor dambe 1927, waxaa la ogaaday in glutathione aysan ahayn dipeptide, laakiin taa beddelkeeda, tripeptide ay ku jirto glutamate-cysteine ​​oo ay weheliso amino acid dheeri ah, glycine. Tilmaamahan qaabdhismeedka waxaa xaqiijiyay Harington iyo Mead 1935. Waqtigaas, glutathione waxaa lagu sameeyay isku-darka N-carbobenzoxy cysteine ​​iyo glycine ethyl ester.

Faa'iidooyinka Glutathione

Maaddaama ay tahay mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu badan uguna awoodda badan antioxidant -ka jirka, budada Glutathione waxay leedahay adeegsiyo badan.

Qaar ka mid ah adeegsigaan waa:

Waxay yareysaa Cadaadiska Oxidative

Dheelitir la'aanta xagjirnimada xorta ah iyo kartida jidhku u leeyahay inay dhexdhexaad ka noqoto waxay u horseedi kartaa cudurro iyo xanuunno badan. Tan waxaa ka mid ah xaaladaha sida sonkorowga, kansarka, iwm. Waxaa la ogaaday in yaraanta glutathione ay caan ku tahay bukaannada qaba cuduradan [1]. Sidaa darteed, ku -biirinta budada glutathione waxay kaa caawin kartaa yareynta astaamaha cuduradan iyo xitaa ka hortagga dhacdadooda.

Waxay hagaajisaa Astaamaha Cudurka Beerka ee dufanka leh ee Khamriga iyo Khamriga

Cudurada ku dhaca beerka waxaa uga sii dari kara yaraanshaha antioxidant -ka sida glutathione. Tani waxay ka sii dari kartaa xaaladaha cudurka beerka dufanka leh ee bukaanka, gaar ahaan kuwa isticmaala aalkolada. Glutathione waxay muujisay inay waxtar u leedahay bukaanka qaba cudurka beerka dufanka leh. Daraasad ayaa muujisay in glutathione ay hoos u dhacdo bukaannada qaba cudurka beerka ee daba-dheeraada, aalkolada ama aan la xiriirin khamriga. Maamulka xididdada dhiigga ee glutathione oo aad u sarreeya ayaa muujiyey hagaajinta tijaabooyinka cagaarshowga [2]. Sidaa daraadeed budada glutathione ayaa laga yaabaa inay caawiso daaweynta xaaladaha cudurka beerka.

Waxay wanaajisaa iska caabinta Insulin

Soosaarka glutathione wuxuu hoos u dhacaa da'da. Daraasaduhu waxay muujiyeen in heerarka glutathione ee hooseeya ay la xiriiraan gubashada dufanka oo yar iyo heerarka sare ee dufanka ku kaydsan jirka [3]. Tani waxay sidoo kale horseedaa iska -caabbinta insuliinta oo yaraata. Ku -darista cysteine ​​iyo glycine cuntada waxay gacan ka geysan kartaa kordhinta heerarka glutathione, taas oo hagaajinaysa iska caabbinta insulinta iyo gubashada dufanka.

Waxay hagaajisaa calaamadaha cudurka Parkinson

Cudurka Parkinson waa cudur ku dhaca habdhiska dhexe ee neerfaha waxaana lagu gartaa burburinta dareemayaasha. Waxay caadi ahaan dhacdaa marka qofku da 'yahay oo uusan lahayn wax daawo ah. Heerka Glutathione wuxuu ku yaraadaa cudurka Parkinson. Daraasad ayaa muujisay in budada glutathione ay awood u yeelan karto inay yareyso saameynta cudurka Parkinson iyo hagaajinta howlaha neerfaha [4]. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, daraasado dheeraad ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo muujiyo waxtarkeeda dhammaystiran.

Waxay hagaajisaa Xaaladaha Maqaarka

Glutathione waxaa lagu muujiyey inay leedahay saamaynta gabowga iyo kahortagga melanogenic. Daraasad la sameeyay sanadkii 2017 ayaa muujisay in nooc ka mid ah glutathione oo la yareeyay, ilaa 500mg maalintii, ay saamayn maqaarka-iftiiminta maqaarka bini-aadamka. Daraasaddan, koox ka mid ah maaddooyinka caafimaadka leh ee dumarka ah ayaa la siiyay 250 mg oo ah glutathione maalintii, mid kale ayaa la siiyay glutathione oksidide (GSSG), kooxda saddexaadna waxaa la siiyay placebo 12 toddobaad. Dhamaadka muddadii, waxaa la ogaaday in haweenku marka la barbardhigo laalaabkii ay ka yaraayeen kuwii qaatay placebo. Sidaa darteed, glutathione waxay kaa caawin kartaa fududeynta midabada maqaarka, hoos u dhigto laalaabyada iyo hagaajinta xaaladaha maqaarka [5].

Saameynta Ka Hortagga Cudurka Laf -Difaaca

Cadaadiska Oxidative wuxuu kordhin karaa sababtoo ah barar dabadheeraad ah iyo xaalado iswada. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah rheumatoid arthritis -ka, cudurka baruurta, lupus, iwm Heerarka Glutathione way ku yar yihiin xaaladahaan [6]. Marka lagu kabo budada glutathione ayaa laga yaabaa inay gacan ka geysato yareynta walaaca oksaydhka iyo yareynta astaamaha cudurada iswada.

Saamaynta Madhalaysnimada

Soosaarka xad -dhaafka ah ee noocyada oksijiinta firfircoon ee spermatozoa aan caadi ahayn waa mid ka mid ah sababaha dhalmo la'aanta. Marka bixinta antioxidant -ka sida glutathione ayaa laga yaabaa inay awood u yeelato inay yareyso xaaladaha noocaas ah oo ay ka caawiso bacriminta labka [7]. Sidoo kale, waxaa laga yaabaa inay gacan ka geysato yareynta cadaadiska oksida ee nidaamka taranka dumarka oo la dagaallama sameynta xagjirnimo lacag la’aan ah [8]. Sidaa darteed, waxaa laga yaabaa inay waxtar u leedahay bacriminta lab iyo dheddig labadaba.

Saamaynta Autism -ka

Waxaa la muujiyey in carruurta qabta cudurka autism -ku ay leeyihiin heerar badan oo waxyeelada oksida iyo heerarka hoose ee glutathione ee maskaxda. Tijaabo caafimaad oo lagu sameeyay carruurta da'doodu u dhaxayso 3 ilaa 13 ayaa lagu sameeyay halka lagu siiyay glutathione afka ama transdermal [9]. Carruurtu waxay muujiyeen hagaajin heerarka cysteine, glutathione, iyo plasma sulfate. Markaa waxay kaa caawin kartaa hagaajinta astaamaha autism sidoo kale.

Saamaynta Kiimoteraabiga Daaweynta Dareemidda Daroogada

Glutathione waxaa lagu muujiyey inuu yareeyo neuropathy durugsan ee jiirarka lagu daaweeyo daawooyinka ka hortagga kansarka. Daraasad ayaa lagu sameeyay jiirarka qaba neuropathy taas oo ka dhalatay in lagu daaweeyo oxaliplatin, oo ah dawada kansarka ku salaysan platinum [10]. Siinta glutathione waxay umuuqatay inay yareyso astaamaha uu sababay neuropathy. Sidaa darteed, waxay kaa caawin kartaa yareynta astaamaha neuropathy sidoo kale.

Saamaynta dhinaca Glutathione

• Calool xanuun.
• Neefsashada oo adkaata sababtuna tahay ciriiriga bronki.
• Dareen -celinta xasaasiyadda, sida finan.

Foomka la neefsado ayaa ka mamnuuca neefta. Ma jiro is -dhexgal daroogo oo la yaqaan oo glutathione leh daawooyinka kale ilaa taariikhda.

Qiyaasta Glutathione

Glutathione waxaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta xaalado kala duwan. Qiyaasta guud ee afka waa 250mg ilaa 500mg maalintii.

Halkee ayaad ka iibsan kartaa Glutathione?

Glutathione waxaa si toos ah looga iibsan karaa shirkadda soo saarta budada Glutathione. Waxay ku timaadaa baakado 1kg ah baakad kasta ama 25kg halkii durbaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan ayaa loo habeyn karaa hadba baahidaada. Alaabtaan waxaa lagu sameeyaa maaddooyinka ugu fiican. Waxaa lagu soo saaray tilmaamo adag iyo iyadoo la adeegsanayo tallaabooyin ammaan oo habboon. Daroogadani waxay u baahan tahay in lagu kaydiyo heerkul ah -20 ° C. Tani waa si looga hortago inay la falgasho kiimikooyin kale oo deegaanka ah.

Tixraacyada la Xigtay:

1. Lutchmansingh, FK, Hsu, JW, Bennett, FI, Badaloo, AV, McFarlane-Anderson, N., Gordon-Strachan, GM,… & Boyne, MS (2018). Dheef -shiid kiimikaadka Glutathione ee sonkorowga nooca 2 iyo xiriirka uu la leeyahay dhibaatooyinka microvascular iyo glycemia. Mid ka mid ah, 13(6), e0198626.
2. Dentico, P., Volpe, A., Buongiorno, R., Grattagliano, I., Altomare, E., Tantimonaco, G.,… & Schiraldi, O. (1995). Glutathione ee daaweynta cudurrada beerka dufanka badan. Horumarka dawooyinka, 86(7-8), 290-293.
3. El-Hafidi, M., Franco, M., Ramírez, AR, Sosa, JS, Flores, JAP, Acosta, OL,… & Cardoso-Saldaña, G. (2018). Glycine waxay kordhisaa dareenka insulinta iyo glutathione biosynthesis waxayna ka ilaalisaa walaaca oksaydhka qaab iska caabbinta insuliinta ee ay sababto sucrose. Daawada Oxidative iyo cimriga dheer ee wareega, 2018.
4. Wang, HL, Zhang, J., Li, YP, Dong, L., & Chen, YZ (2021). Isticmaalka suurtagalka ah ee glutathione sida daaweynta cudurka Parkinson. Daawada Tijaabada ah iyo Daaweynta, 21(2), 1-1.
5. Weschawalit, S., Thongthip, S., Phutrakool, P., & Asawanonda, P. (2017). Glutathione iyo saamaynteeda ka hortagga iyo antiimelanogenic. Daaweynta maqaarka, qurxinta iyo baaritaanka maqaarka, 10, 147.
6. Perricone, C., De Carolis, C., & Perricone, R. (2009). Glutathione: Ciyaaryahan muhiim u ah difaaca jirka. Faallooyinka Awood -La'aanta, 8(8), 697-701.
7. Irvine, DS (1996). Glutathione sida daaweynta dhalmo la'aanta ragga. Faallooyinka Taranka, 1(1), 6-12.
8. Adeoye, O., Olawumi, J., Opeyemi, A., & Christiania, O. (2018). Dib -u -eegista doorka glutathione ee cadaadiska oksaydhka iyo madhalaysnimada. JBRA waxay caawisay taranka, 22(1), 61.
9. Rose, S., Melnyk, S., Pavliv, O., Bai, S., Nick, TG, Frye, RE, & James, SJ (2012). Caddaynta waxyeellada oksaydhka iyo caabuqa ee la xidhiidha heerka redox -ka glutathione ee maskaxda autism -ka. Maskaxda tarjumaadda, 2(7), e134-e134.
10. Lee, M., Cho, S., Roh, K., Chae, J., Park, JH, Park, J.,… & Lee, S. (2017). Glutathione waxay yareysay neeropathy peripheral neuropathy ee jiirka oxaliplatin-daweynta iyadoo laga saarayo aluminium ganglia xididka dorsal. Joornaalka Mareykanka ee cilmi baarista tarjumaadda, 9(3), 926.

Maqaallada Daalacanaya